The Human Populations Role Of Climate Change - 1040 Words

The Human Populations role in Climate Change Climate change is not a new phenomenon. It has been a common occurrence throughout our planets history. According to noa.gov there has been at least seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat that occurred in the past 650,000 years with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era and of human civilization. These early patterns of extended climate change were most likely the result of â€Å"very small variations in Earth’s orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives.† (noaa.org). While these orbital variances can account for a portion of our changing climate the majority of the blame for our climates current state falls on our shoulders. According to the latest ICCP report, the current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is very likely human-induced and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented in the past 1,300 years. It is the consensus of the scientific commu nity that the daily activities of the Human population have significant influence over the acceleration of climate change. Rising temperature trends, rapid acceleration of co2 levels and the increase of extreme weather events offer unequivocal Proof of just how significant our influence can be. People have been debating the causes and effects of climate change for years, with many people assuming climate change and global warming are the same thing. â€Å"Global warmingShow MoreRelatedAlgae and Climate Change: The Complex and Integral Relationship between Biology and Weather1564 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Algae and Climate Change: The Complex and Integral Relationship Between Biology and Weather Introduction Climate scientists around the world overwhelmingly agree that mankind is responsible for a warming trend and for other changes to the global climate as a result of greenhouse gas emission form the burning of fossil fuels. This is far from a simple cause-and-effect system, however, given the global scale of the issue there are necessarily many factors that interact in complex manners to changesRead MoreDeforestation: A Major Reason for Global Warming753 Words   |  3 Pages Topic: Climate Change Research question: How is deforestation a major reason for global warming? Deforestation is cutting down of trees for some purpose (furniture). It is very harmful for everybody as it causes landslides, earthquakes and many more problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Deforestation is a major cause as it also causes the main problem global warming. Global warming is an increase in average temperature of earth’s atmosphere. Deforestation also helps the greenhouse gas to spread (increase).Greenhouse gasRead MorePotiential Future Effects of Global Warming1834 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Climate change is one the biggest threats to nature and mankind in the 21st century. The impacts of climate change are visible everywhere, whether its melting glaciers, rising sea level, severe storms, heavy flooding, reduced snowfall in the north and a severe drought in the south. It will also have a number of effects on the flora and fauna in the future. Scientists predict that global warming in the near future may cause a mass extinction of wildlife, affecting more than 1 millionRead MoreThe Debate On Global Warming1239 Words   |  5 Pagesscientists. However, both camps agree that global warming and climate change are occasioned by both natural and human or anthropogenic factors. The opposing views occur when it comes to the relative importance they assign to each set of factors (Mazo 35). This paper acknowledges that while both natural and human factors are responsible for global warming, much of global warming that has occurred in recent times is largely attributable to human activities. The following paragraphs support this positionRead MoreGlobal Climate Change Is The Future Of The Entire Generation1099 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal climate change transcends the future of the entire generation. Yunjing Wang mentions that the world is expecting warming that could be dangerous throughout the century (Wang et al., 2015). Not only effecting species of animals but also determining the presence of human existence. New diseases prevail on a daily basis specifically vector borne. These vector borne illnesses adapt to climate change due to temperature fluctuations, constant precipitation, and population adjustments. AlthoughRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Our Society1545 Words   |  7 Pagesdoing research surrounding the topic of climate change. It has become a proven fact that our global ecological and weather patterns are changing in ways that occur at a much more rapid pace than natural cycles typically allow. According to a 2016 Monmouth University Poll, most Americans acknowledge, at least to some extent, that â€Å"the world’s climate is undergoing a change that is causing more extreme weather patterns and the rise of sea levels.† Since humans rely so heavily on their environment toRead MoreThe United States And Alaska1463 Words   |  6 Pagesproviding the energy that fuel damaging Pacific storms.. Along with record breaking heat temperatures, the 2014 year passed 2010 for the warmest year. The top 10 warmest years have occured since 1997. The scientists say this is, a consequence of human activity and possess profound long-term risks to civilization and nature (2014 Breaks Heat Record). Scientists say that the most remarkable thing about the 2014 heat record was that it occured without a strong El Nino. An El Nino is a large-scaleRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Regulations On The Environment Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pages The only thing stopping the human population from an event of mass extinction is the federal, state, and other international governments. Climate change is a current, and very real threat, in fact, it is even considered a national security threat to Pentagon officials. Global temperatures, sea levels, and CO2 levels are all rising at an exponential rate. If action isn t taken by such levels of government, planet earth is destined for doom. The question, however, is if the government should be responsibleRead MoreThe Importance Of Future Research On The Future1104 Words   |  5 Pagesinteraction with the environment, and develop new technologies to protect the environment and public health. My challenge is to get a more complete picture of these issues in the near future, which could help to resolve the problems of global climate change and use the CO2 and other greenhouse gases for beneficial purposes as a potential natural resource. In the short term, I will continue working on several problems of my current research, including (1) two patent pending technologies whichRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Rural People Of Nepal1220 Words   |  5 PagesAll these changes tend to contribute to reduce agricultural productivity resulting in either increased prices or food shortages. While other impacts of climate change include increased forest fires due to the extended dry period, and increase pest and diseases of crops, livestock and human population (LFP, 2010). Thus, the unparalleled impacts of climate change extended to effects on ecosystem, health, food production, water resources, agriculture and livelihood (IPCCC, 2001). With developing countries

Our Farm Essay - 2839 Words

I woke up before my alarm. A distant square of eerie half-twilight from the window held the familiar outline of the locust tree. In the dark, I fumbled to dress without waking my parents. I slipped outside. The sun was still below the horizon but the clouds above the mountains were tainted the color of pomegranates. Around me the shadows seemed empty. I tried not to look into the brush as I walked down the driveway. I had stopped before, looking to see the back of the shadows; staring hard, only to have them retreat from my eyes indefinitely. Invisible birds called from within. Their sound followed me down the driveway and onto the road. As I walked I let my eyes close and my feet feel the groove in the gravel. My mind, still†¦show more content†¦Dad had planted more lentils this year. I had rolled my eyes when he told me: 300 acres. He had laughed, That should be nothin for the prettiest swather driver around, Munchkin. I was only prettiest because I was the only girl. The swather cuts crops to dry before they are harvested and lays them in long rows that snake around hills in endless spirals. In eastern Washington state we swath lentils in late July and early August. My father did the swathing when my grandfather owned the farm. My brother took over when he was twelve and then it was my turn. Swathing is to the farm kid what mowing the lawn is to a suburban kid; just multiplied by a few horsepower. But its that kind of job. There is the same certain thrill of learning to use the machine for the first time; a new vibration of power connected to your fingertips and devouring whatever comes before you. But after a while it loses its edge. If you dont grow to hate it your mind is free to wander. Thats when the suburban kid clips the flowerbed and when the farm kid veers off and makes a crooked swath. It took me a whole summer to get used to the feeling of running a machine that big. I was thirteen. I felt more important than ever. And a little scared. 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Sunshine Chapter 29 Free Essays

string(141) " hair occasionally brushing my face – and managed to keep the sights of the night before from replaying themselves against my eyelids\." Pat expelled a long noisy breath. â€Å"Well held, you guys,† he said. He glanced at Con. We will write a custom essay sample on Sunshine Chapter 29 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I could guess he was torn between wanting to celebrate a partial victory against the goddess and wanting to know who and what the hell my apparent ally really was. He caught my eyes and I watched him decide to trust me. I watched him watching me watching him decide to trust me. It was true: I owed him. That was something else I’d have to figure out later. â€Å"Can I give you a ride home, Sunshine?† he said casually. â€Å"That would be great,† I said feelingly. Even supposing I had bus fare in my pocket, which I didn’t, I didn’t yearn for the experience of getting Con and me anywhere in public. Any sane bus driver would refuse to let us on board, the way we looked, not to mention the nearest stop was a mile and a half from Yolande’s and I didn’t think I could walk that far. I doubted that any nowheresville way was available in – from – daylight. And if I was too tired to walk from the bus stop I was way beyond too tired to deal with any nowheresvilles. And turning up at Charlie’s, looking like this and with Con in tow, wasn’t an option. â€Å"John, you want to take Mr. Connor – â€Å" â€Å"He can come with me,† I said firmly. â€Å"We have to – talk.† â€Å"I bet you do,† said Pat. â€Å"Okay, Sunshine, I won’t ask, but take notes, okay? I’m not going to do my heavy SOF guy trick and make you do your talking here because you’ve already had that from the goddess, and besides, if she found out I’d taken you to my office and got more out of you than she did she’d bust my ass back to Tinker Bell patrol.† There is a legion of little old ladies (of assorted ages and sexes) who manage to believe that the Others are mostly small and cute and harmless, and live under toadstools, and wear harebells as hats. A lot of them ring up their local SOF div to report sightings, because that is the citizenly thing to do, and since there are a few ill-tempered Others who sometimes pretend to be small and cute and harmless – I’d never heard of any of them wearing harebells, however – these have to be checked out. But it is not a popular job. â€Å"I’ve been getting reports from No Town right along, you know,† continued Pat, â€Å"and I want to know what you guys did. And I want it in triplicate, you got that? But I’m a patient man and I’ll wait. I won’t even tell the goddess I took you home together.† â€Å"He’s lost his house keys anyway,† I said glibly, â€Å"and we can call a locksmith from my house.† â€Å"He keep a fresh change of clothes at your house too?† said Pat. â€Å"Does Mel know? I didn’t say that.† No windows yet. The other SOFs went their own ways, and it was just Pat and Con and me. Down a few more corridors, and now we were walking toward the glass doors into the parking lot. Con unobtrusively moved near me again and I tucked my arm under his arm and pretended to lean against him. It didn’t take a lot of pretending, any more than my tears for the goddess had. Pat’s glance flicked over us again and I realized he was having to make an effort not to go all, well, male. He wanted badly to try to put Con in his place and thus find out what his place was. He wanted this as a pretty high-ranking SOF officer, he wanted this as my friend and self-designated semiprotector and semiexploiter, and he probably even wanted this for Mel, who he was at least sure was genuinely human, although ordinarily he would consider my private life strictly my own business. And he’d be having mixed feelings about suspecting Con as some kind of freaky partblood for the obvious reasons. But I recognized the signs in this (comparatively) respectable middle-aged SOF agent from the staring and grunting contests we got occasionally at Charlie’s, and from some of the biker bars I’d been to with Mel. I had a sudden frivolous desire to laugh†¦as we walked through the swinging doors and out into the morning. The sun was still low but the sunshine on my face felt like the best thing that had ever happened to me. I couldn’t help it: I stopped, and raised my face to it. Con stopped with me of course. â€Å"Sunshine for Sunshine,† Pat said mildly. â€Å"I’ll get the car,† and he went on, running his hands over his head as if smoothing down feathers from his frustrated dominance display. I hadn’t picked up any response from Con – I could always feel Mel not responding – but then Con didn’t noticeably respond to much of anything. And it wasn’t that vampires didn’t have their own shoving competitions – we had, after all, just survived a particularly extravagant one of these. I didn’t feel like laughing any more. I put Con’s arm around my waist so I could raise both hands to the sun, as if an extra twenty inches of extended arm was going to make a big difference to its curative properties. I didn’t care. I held them, palm up, till I saw Pat’s car coming toward us, and Con handed me carefully into the back seat, and slid in after me. I curled up and pretended to go to sleep on Con’s shoulder so we didn’t have to make conversation and Pat wouldn’t try. This really was pretense: I couldn’t go to sleep, at least not yet, and was afraid to try. Even keeping my eyes closed was an effort, but I listened intently to all the normal noises of morning in the city, smelled gas fumes and early coffee bars, and felt Con’s arm around me – and his spiky hair occasionally brushing my face – and managed to keep the sights of the night before from replaying themselves against my eyelids. You read "Sunshine Chapter 29" in category "Essay examples" The smell of coffee – penetrating even through the smell of us – reminded me of Charlie’s, and there was one of those weird bits of mental slippage that trauma produces: I thought, oh, what a good thing I’m not dead, I never did write that recipe down for Paulie†¦ It felt like a long drive, although it wasn’t, still well before rush hour, and in a real car instead of the Wreck. â€Å"Check in as soon as you can,† was all Pat said when he dropped us off. â€Å"Thanks,† I said. â€Å"Thank you,† said Con. Again that flick of gaze to one, then the other of us. â€Å"Yeah,† said Pat, and drove away. I had avoided losing my house key by not taking it with me. I fished it out from under the pot of pansies and the crack in the porch floor and opened the door, half-watching my hands still, as if they might turn on me and try to tear my own heart out. Con followed me up the dark stairs. My apartment was full of roses. I’d forgotten about the roses. None of them was more than half open. It felt like some kind of miracle: it felt like centuries since I’d bought them, two days ago. I was supposed to be dead. I would be going to work tomorrow. Cinnamon rolls. Roses. They were from another world. The human world. I glanced at my hands again. Hands that earned their living making human food. There isn’t much that is a lot more nakedly hands-on than kneading dough. The ward wrapped around the length of the balcony railing had a big charred hole in the middle of it. When we’d walked through it last night, into Other-space, presumably. The poor thing: it had probably felt like a garage mechanic presented with a lame elephant: wait just a sec here, I never said I did all forms of transport. It had been a good ward, and it had survived my smoke-borne passage on my way to find Con. I’d find out later if it could be patched up or if it was blown (or squashed) for good. I left Con in the middle of the shadowy floor and went out into the daylight again, holding my hands out in front of me like sacrifices or discards. Con moved forward till he was standing at the edge of the shadow. â€Å"There is nothing wrong with your hands,† he said. I shook my head, but I lowered my hands till they rested on the balcony railing. There were scorch marks on the railing. On their backs, with the fingers curled up, my hands looked dead. â€Å"Tell me,† he said. â€Å"I had to – touch him,† I said in a low voice. â€Å"I tried not to, but he was too strong. He was winning. I put my hands†¦I touched him. Bo.† As I said it all the other things I was trying not to remember about the night before came racing back, bludgeoning their way into my mind. I felt myself begin to fragment again. When I’d been facing the goddess, I’d known what I was doing for a little while. Now that there was no immediate threat to organize myself around†¦I shivered, even in the daylight. Thin, cool, autumn sunlight, with winter to come, with its shorter, colder days, before the baking heat of summer returned. Autumn daylight wasn’t going to heal my hands. Or the reopened wound on my breast. I hadn’t had to look at it yet, accept its reappearance yet, while all of me was covered with crusted blood. â€Å"Sunshine,† said Con gently. â€Å"He had no power to hurt you physically. He had had no such power for many years. His strength was in his will, and in the physical strength of those he controlled by his will. If his creatures – his acolytes – had not hurt you, he could not.† I wanted to say, he did hurt me – his creatures did hurt me – they taught me what I could do. I would never have done what I did to Bo, if I had not already done it to his followers. â€Å"He almost killed me!† I said at last, aloud, feebly. This was an unendurably anticlimactic way of describing what had happened. Merely dying seemed like a minor difficulty, like an alarm clock that had failed to go off or a car that wouldn’t start. Maybe I had been hanging out with vampires too much. â€Å"Yes. By sheer force of evil. Only that.† â€Å"Only that,† I said. â€Å"Only that.† â€Å"Yes.† I turned my head to look at him, leaving my hands awkwardly where they were. The Mr. Connor of the goddess’ office had gone; my Con was back. There was a vampire in the room. He looked tired, almost as a human might look tired, as well as ragged and filthy. My vampire looked tired. I took my hands off the railing so I could go back into the shadows to Con. I reached out to touch him, twisted my hands away from him at the last moment. But he took my hands by the wrists, and kissed the back of each fist, turned them over and waited, patiently, till the fingers relaxed, and kissed each palm. It was a strange sensation. It felt less like being kissed than it felt like a doctor applying a salve. Or a priest last rites. â€Å"There is nothing wrong with your hands,† he said. â€Å"The touch of evil poisons by the idea of it. Reject the idea and you have rejected the evil.† I was being lectured in morality by a vampire. I wanted to laugh. The problem was that he was wrong. If he’d been right maybe I could have laughed. â€Å"My hands feel – they’ve been – changed. I can feel this. They – they don’t belong to me any more. They are only – attached. They feel as if they may be – have become – evil.† â€Å"Bo’s evil was a very powerful idea.† â€Å"I thought I was coming to pieces. I am not sure I’m not. My hands – my hands are two fragments of what is left of me.† Two ruined fragments. There was a pause. â€Å"Yes,† said Con. â€Å"How do you know?† I whispered. I waited for him to drop my hands, to move away from me. The pleading whine of my voice set my own teeth on edge. He was only still with me because the sun trapped him here till sunset. He didn’t move away. He said, â€Å"I see it in your eyes.† This was so unexpected I gaped at him. â€Å"What – â€Å" â€Å"No. I cannot read your secrets. But I can read your fears. My kind are adept at reading fear. And you look into my eyes as no other human ever has.† I looked away from him. War and Peace, my fears. All fifty-odd volumes of the Blood Lore series. The complete globenet directory. For sheer length and inclusiveness my fears were right up there. I hoped he was a speed reader. He dropped my hands then, but only to put a finger under my chin. â€Å"Look at me.† I let him raise my chin. Hey, he was a vampire. He could break my neck if he wanted to. This way he didn’t have to. â€Å"You are not afraid of everything,† he said. â€Å"Nearly,† I said. â€Å"I am afraid of you. I am afraid of me.† â€Å"Yes,† he said. There was a curious comfort in that â€Å"yes.† I had definitely been hanging out with vampires too long. This vampire. I remembered standing in the sunlight in my kitchen window, the morning after my return from the lake. That moment when I first began to feel I might recover, from whatever it was that had happened. The splinters that my peace of mind had been smashed into – if not, perhaps, after all, my sanity – were sending little scouting filaments across the gaps, looking for other pieces, whether I’d sent them out to look or not. Where the scout-filaments met, they’d start winding themselves together again, knitting themselves back into rows†¦They were probably building on those first granny knots from when I’d agreed to be let out of the SOF bind and be responsible for my behavior. No: from the first granny knots of the morning after Con had brought me home from the lake. I was going to have some more scars and the texture of the final weave was going to change. Was changing. It was going to be lumpier, and there were going to be some pretty weird holes. I never had been able to learn to knit. I don’t do uniformity and consistency. Even my cinnamon rolls tend to have individual personality. I could probably cope with a few more wodgy bits in my own makeup. Maybe my medulla oblongata was refusing to take any crap from my cerebrum again. Shut up and get on with the reconstruction. If you can’t find the right piece, use the wrong one. I took a step backward, still facing Con, still within reach of him, but so that the sunlight touched me. There was something struggling out of the murk here, trying to make me think it: If good is going to triumph over evil, good has to stay sane. Say what? Oh, please. I’m still thinking about breathing. Now I’m supposed to start in flogging myself to go on fighting for the forces of†¦well, â€Å"good† is some freaking mouthful. It sounds like some Anglo-Saxon geek with a big square jaw and a blazing sword, any vestigial sense of humor surgically removed years before when he was conditionally accepted to Hero School. But that was kind of where I’d wound up, even if I’d missed out on the jaw and the training. Because I was definitely against evil. Definitely. In my lumpy, erratic way. And I knew what I was talking about, because I’d now met evil. That was precisely the point. I’d touched it. And I was going to have to remember for the rest of my life that I’d touched it. That these hands had grasped, pulled†¦ But us anti-evil guys have to stay sane. Lumpy and holey, maybe, but sane. Listen, Sunshine: Bo was gone. He wasn’t going to get the last word now. I hoped. At least not until later this morning. â€Å"I’m going to run a bath. I’ll flip you for who goes first.† I had a jar on my desk, next to the balcony, that held loose change. â€Å"Flip?† Vampires. They don’t know anything. I won. I was almost sorry. I felt obliged to have only one bath, and a fast one, but I made it count. If I rubbed my palms a little rawer than I needed to for an idea, at least my hands felt like my hands while I was doing it. Perhaps the touch of the rose petals, when I’d had to move all the floating roses out of the bath so I could get me into it instead, had helped. There was no wound on my breast. I hadn’t believed it at first. I kept rubbing the soap all over my front, from throat to pubic line, as if maybe I’d mislaid it somehow. But it wasn’t there. The scar was. I thought it looked a little†¦wider, shinier, than it had, the day after Con had closed it the first time. But it was a scar. But my chain was gone too, and there was a new scar, which dipped over the old one, in the shape of a chain hanging around my neck. Together they looked like some new rune, but I couldn’t read it. There was no sign of the golden web, no matter how hard I scrubbed. †¦What had I been saying about going on fighting for the forces of good? In that mad little moment right after Con had said something comforting? That a vampire had seemed to say something comforting should have told me I was having a crazy moment, not a returning-sanity-and-hope moment. Going on doing anything like what I’d been doing these last five months – horribly culminating in what I had done last night – was approximately the last thing I wanted. Especially when it meant bearing the knowledge of what I’d done. And that going on doing it would mean bearing more of doing and more of knowing. But Pat had said we had less than a hundred years left. Us humans. No, not us humans. Us-on-the-right-side. And there aren’t enough of us. Okay, here’s the irony: if I went on with this heavy magic-handling shtick I was likely to be around in a hundred years. I pulled the plug and started toweling myself dry. I rubbed violently at my hair like I was trying to friction-burn undesirable thoughts out of my head. I washed and dried my little knife tenderly, however, and put it back in my fresh, clean, dry pocket. I was dressed in the first thing out of the top cupboard in the bathroom, where all my oldest, rattiest clothes lived. Then I started another bath and called Con. I found a one-size-fits-all kimono in the back of my closet that Con could get into, or rather that would go round him; at least it was black. I could give him the shirt in the back of my closet but it wouldn’t be long enough on him. Right. I was clean. Con had something to wear. On to the next thing. Food. I didn’t have to think any more long-view thoughts yet. I still had small immediate things to organize myself around. I was frying eggs when he came out, looking very exotic in the kimono. I stood there holding a skillet with three beautifully fried eggs in it and said miserably, â€Å"I can’t even feed you.† How I’d organized my entire life: feeding other people. I heard what I was saying – or what I was saying it to – a moment after the words came out, but his gaze did not waver. â€Å"I do not eat often. I do not need food.† I shook my head. I’d narrowly avoided mental breakdown as a result of facing ancient all-consuming evil, and now I was about to lose it over giving a vampire breakfast. I felt tears pricking at my eyes. This was ridiculous. â€Å"I can’t eat in front of you. It’s so†¦I feed people for a living. If I don’t do it I’m a failure. I identify as a feeder of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"People,† said Con. â€Å"I am not a person.† I’d just been having this conversation with myself in the bathroom. â€Å"Yes you are,† I said. â€Å"You’re just not, you know, human.† â€Å"Your food grows cold,† said Con. â€Å"It is better hot, yes?† I shook my head mutinously. He was right, though, it was a pity to ruin such ravishing eggs. â€Å"I will drink with you,† said Con. â€Å"Orange juice?† I said hopefully. It had to have calories in it. Water didn’t count. â€Å"Very well. Orange juice.† I moved three white roses out of one of my nice glasses, gave it a quick wash, and poured orange juice in it. It was one of the tall ones with gold flecks. Silly thing to drink juice out of. I didn’t see him drink – it occurred to me I hadn’t seen him drink his tea in the goddess’ office either – but nearly half a gallon of orange juice disappeared while I ate my eggs and two toasted muffins and a scone. (What a good thing that it hadn’t occurred to me to empty my refrigerator before I died.) Did that mean he liked it, or was this his demanding standard of courtesy again? â€Å"What does it taste like?† I asked. â€Å"It tastes like orange juice,† he said, at his most enigmatic. How was I planning on putting us-on-the-right-side, anyway? Con had been on the right side as compared to Bo. Con was still a vampire. He still†¦ I did the dishes in silence while Con sat in his chair. The kimono made him look very zen, sitting still doing nothing. I’d seen it first at the lake, that capacity for sitting still doing nothing with perfect grace: although that wasn’t how I’d thought of it when we were chained to the wall together. And it was interesting that he retained it when he wasn’t under the prospect of immediate elimination with no way out, which might be expected to focus the mind. If it didn’t blow it to smithereens. I did the dishes slowly. We’d done washing and eating. There wasn’t anything to come except to figure out sleeping arrangements. Con had acknowledged that vampires did something like sleep during the day. And my body had to have sleep soon or I was going to fall down where I stood. But my mind couldn’t deal with it. I’d tried to convince myself to haul some laundry downstairs but I couldn’t face the effort: stairs: the assault on Everest, and where were my Sherpas? I rescued Con’s trousers from where he had rinsed and wrung them out and draped them over the towel rack (you don’t think of vampires in domestic-chore terms, but I suppose even vampires have to come to some arrangement about getting their clothes washed), and hung them on the balcony for the sun and wind to dry them; at least they were still trousers, if a trifle ravaged by events, which was more than could be said for the remains of his shirt. I scuffled around in my close t again – at some peril to life and limb, since my com gear tended increasingly to get left in there – and pulled the spare shirt out, and left it on the closet doorknob. Every utensil was scoured within an inch of its life and dried and put away too soon. Sleep. No way. At least, being this tired, and still half-watching my hands for renegade moves, I wasn’t interested in – or maybe I should say I wasn’t capable of brooding about – what else might happen in a bed-type situation. Or could happen. Or wasn’t going to happen. I was capable of brooding about being afraid to be alone. Afraid to sleep. â€Å"You’ll have to have the bed,† I said. â€Å"There are no curtains for the balcony, and the sun gets pretty much all round the living room over the course of the day. I’ll sleep on the sofa.† He was silent for a moment, and I thought he might argue. I’m not sure I wasn’t waiting hopefully for an argument. But all he said finally was, â€Å"Very well.† How to cite Sunshine Chapter 29, Essay examples

Comparative Marketing Management Structure Renowned Automobile Brands

Question: Describe about the Smooth Discussion Of The Comparative Marketing Management Structure Of The Four Renowned Automobile Brands? Answer: Introduction Marketing management is the company discipline that aims on the practical implementation of methods and techniques inside organizations, marketing orientation and on the management of the marketing activities and resources of a firm (Czinkota and Kotabe 2011). A study has been deployed concerning the comparison of the marketing strategies of four different car brands such as Ferrari, BMW, Audi and Mercedes with the help of the marketing management concept. Primarily, the STP strategies used by the selected automobile brands has been discussed to identify the issues are being faced by individual brands and who are compensating the issues to keep its business process stable within this massively competitive market. On the other hand, the most important factor that is the marketing mix tools utilized by the companies has been compared to make more clear recommendation for the brands that would help them in improving their marketing strategies. Company Background Ferrari is luxurious the sports car manufacturer. This company was established in 1929 by Enz Ferrari. It is the most powerful brand all over the world in terms of brand finance (Ferrari 2016). Audi is the German car manufacturer that produces, distributes, markets, engineers and designs luxurious cars. This company oversees around the globe. Audi is headquartered in Bavaria, Germany (Audi 2016). Mercedes is also a German car manufacturer. It is actually a multinational division of Daimler AG. Mercedes is popular for luxurious trucks, coaches, buses and automobiles. Mercedes is headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany (Mercedes-benz 2016). BMW or Bavarian Motor Works is again a German luxurious engine, motorcycle and automobile manufacturing company established in 1916 (AG 2016). The BMW headquartered is located in Munich, Germany. Comparison of Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning strategy (Referred to Appendix 1) The STP strategy explains the connection between an overall market and how an organization selects for competing in that market. The role of this strategy is to provide a proper guidance to a certain organization for the implementation and development of a suitable marketing mix tool. Being the top ranked car brands around the globe, Ferrari, Jaguar, BMW and Mercedes follow their own specific STP strategies. Therefore, it can be expected that the three brands must have some differences in their STP strategies because competition is more in the same industry. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning strategy for Ferrari Segmentation Analysis The average owners of Ferrari may be male in their mid-fifty. It is very difficult to find any Ferrari that would be purchased as the customer is in requirement of the transport vehicle. Most of the Ferraris in fact are only the third or second car owned in a household (Davis, 2012). It is primarily for the extremely high price of the cars. It is not a rare occurrence apparently, that all understands as most people purchasing. Target Market The Ferraris are purchased as for the performance and status (Dickson 2014). Very less people can afford actually a Ferrari. However, this Ferrari is the most desirable automobile brand among all the people all over the world. People who have very strong background and high income try to highlight their status and also have an interest in the luxurious sports cars that belongs to the target market of Ferrari. Positioning Strategy Ferrari has been positioned in the prestigious segment of the automobile industry with a distinctive benefit depending on the exclusivity and high performance (Goldman 2013). Ferrari is symbol of status as a brand that consists of the extreme design, power and performance. Customers perceive purchasing a Ferrari as the consumers have made it. Motivators for the Buying Decisions Though, Ferrari manufactures cars with extreme design, power and performance but these cars cannot reach towards most people because of the high prices. If Ferrari can manage to cut down the prices of the cars then it would motivate the buying decision of the purchaser. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning strategy for Audi Segmentation Analysis Audi actually uses the psychographic, demographic and geographic segmentation variables. Audis first decision is which cars in which countries such as smaller Audis are found in Europe as they drive smaller cars than the Canadian people (Hollensen 2014). In case of demographic segmentation, middle aged people are targeted by Audi. Audi manufactures cars for all the income group people around the globe. Audi mainly focuses for high class to upper middle class people as it is a very luxurious brand. Target Market The target market of Audi is based on the country and on the driving type. Audi mainly targets many countries worldwide (Karunakaran 2011). These cars are available for both the luxury use and the driving purpose. Positioning Strategy Audi enhance their market positioning by providing stress on several points as follows, By selecting suitable rivals such as BMW and Mercedes They launch some impressive and distinct cars than the brands like, BMW, Mercedes and Ferrari (Lancioni 2015). They find their USP for increasing their position in the automobile market. Motivators for the Buying Decisions Audis cars are affordable for the middle income people. Hence, this factor has definitely influence the buying decision of the purchasers. However, they should concern about the performance and the speed of the cars to motivate the buying decision. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning strategy for Mercedes Segmentation Analysis Demographic of Mercedes Benz S class consists of mostly middle aged people, both male and female and adults. These cars are not very popular among the young generation as these are very expensive. Mainly Mercedes targets high or middle income people. Target Market Mercedes target market is the people of middle age of high or middle incomes. This brand mainly targets rich customers (LaPlaca 2014). Positioning Strategy This brand has developed a strategy for positioning as a producer of highly safe and reliable automobiles that result in a cost premium relative to similar global rivals (Levy 2012). Mercedes provide the outstanding solutions regarding their service related to the products. Motivators for the Buying Decisions Mercedes should be concerned on the improvement of their pricing decision that would help them to change their buyers buying decision from no to yes. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning strategy for BMW Segmentation Analysis The major market for BMW, geographically are North America and Europe as these continents are widely industrialized and their residents are positioned financially for purchasing the cars of upper market (Lilien 2015). Target Market This brand utilizes a differentiated strategy that is they target particular automobile markets. BMW mostly targets the markets of Super Sports, Super Executive, Executive, Sports Convertibles and many others. Positioning Strategy BMW has positioned its image as quality automobile producer, technologically advanced, performance and exclusivity. The market of BMW is very competitive due to the numerous automobile manufacturers (Richter 2011). This brand has developed a positioning strategy as a producer of highly safe, reliable automobiles and high performance cars that help the brand to compete in such a competitive market. Motivators for the Buying Decisions This brand has developed a positioning strategy as a producer of highly safe, reliable automobiles and high performance cars. The same advice would also go for this brand that is they should be concerned in their pricing decision to motivate the buying decision of the purchasers. Fig 1: Perceptual Map for Mercedes, Audi, Ferrari and BMW (Source: Dickson 2014) Marketing Activities (Referred to Appendix 2) Marketing Mix Tools Marketing mix is business tool utilized by markets and in marketing. It is often essential while determining the offer of a brand or product and often is associated with Product, price, promotion and place. (Shapiro 2012) Marketing Mix of Ferrari Product The products of the brand are the super cars of high performance. However, the organization is widely into the merchandising of third party (Sheehan 2011). Pricing The brand priced at a premium range. Ferrari begins upwardly at prices of US $175000. People appreciate Vintage Ferrari cars in value and these are known to US dollars cost millions. Promotions The merchandising of Ferrari is the strongest promotion of the brand. Already Ferrari is enjoying immense awareness around the globe, even in the areas where the brand does not do any promotion (Davis 2012). However, this merchandising is implemented on a license and royalty basis to other brands. Place Ferrari has its exceptional Ferrari dealership that is spread over fifty two countries as of yet with the plans for expanding the dealership of Ferrari to other markets and countries (Ferrari 2016). Marketing Mix of Audi Product In early 1990s, there were some issues found in their cars but Audis new cars have mutation of much less consequences with their microprocessors due to the implementation of improved technology (Audi 2016). Now Audi offers a huge car variety. Price Audi has skimming or premium pricing. The pricing is fully justified looking at the brand image and the quality of the car (Dickson 2014). Audi is trying its best for rationalizing the price and providing options of innovative finance through the Audi Finance of their own making the attractive the purchase. Promotion Audi is involved in several ventures of sponsorship and sports, like sponsorship of some Italian football team. This brand manages for keeping itself in the public eye. Audi never participates in the mass marketing because of its niche market (Hollensen 2014). Instead of it, the automobile brand advertises only in the very premium component. Place Audi has a global presence and it continues to become the motor cars prolific seller. Audi has investments and set out prime plans for achieving goals of long term (Karunakaran 2011). The brand continues to develop in the Asian countries (Audi 2016). Marketing Mix of Mercedes Product Mercedes always manufactures the high quality and world class tracks, coaches, buses and cars those are renowned for their luxurious nature. In the marketing mix of Mercedes, Product is the strongest P (Mercedes-benz 2016). Price Mercedes deals in the niche segment while the customer is very much concerned about the worth they are achieving on the cars more anything else (Lancioni 2015). The organization has a wide structure of price globally ranging within $30000-$100000, based on the model (Mercedes-benz 2016). Promotion Mercedes has maintained accessibility of the customers to increase interaction with its target market through the following (Mercedes-benz 2016). Print Media Television advertising Offer warranty under outstanding conditions Building outstanding customer service at its sales point Social media Online advertising Place Mercedes distributes their cars all over the world (LaPlaca 2014). It desires for changing the brand perception and repositioning it so that it more acceptable to the young generation. Marketing Mix of BMW Product BMW began their journey with fundamental models. However, they soon progressed towards advanced engineering (AG 2016). Now the cars of BMW boast of potential engines, a promise of reliability and safety, fantastic speed and extra ordinary pickup (Richter 2011) Price BMW is a premium priced automobile organization. The prices of the cars vary based on which model, extras or series the buyer desires on purchasing (AG 2016). Promotion BMW does the promotion of their brand new cars with the most amazing print advertisement, out of home advertisement, television commercials and now through the online advertisements. The major features regarding promotion in BMWs marketing mix are as follows (AG 2016). Top of the mind positioning in the car brands BMW relies more on the pull strategy more than the push strategy Strong brand pull for the outstanding marketing over the time. Place The company has highly skilled employees working for the company in every field, from customer helpline staff to mechanics (Shapiro 2012). Retail Distribution Strategies There are three types of retail distribution strategies. Three of the car brands excluding Ferrari use the inclusive distribution strategy, because in this industry customers have a range of acceptable cars to select from. In case of Ferrari, manufacturers have a limited number of outlets that is they use the selective distribution strategy. Audi utilizes the exclusive distribution strategy because they manufacture different cars for different geographical area. Four of the automobile brands have utilized excellent online distribution strategies. The social media websites have become their major root of promotion of their products. Ferrari is such a brand that is not available in most of the countries but still most of people around the world know about the car (Shapiro 2012). It has been possible because of their unique online distribution and marketing strategies. Now, their cars can also be got over the internet. These unique features have made the four brands so much successful. These exclusive distribution strategies always become the reason of the success of the four brands. People can afford an Audi or a BMW car in terms of their monetary condition because they manufacture cars targeting both the middle to high income people. On the other hand, the exclusive online distribution strategy and the excellent quality influence their target market. The online promotion of the Mercedes cars regarding the car performance is seeking more customers day by day. Conclusion The study has implemented a Smooth Discussion Of The Comparative Marketing Management Structure Of The Four Renowned Automobile Brands. From the overall discussion, it has been found that the cars manufactured by four of the brands are very expensive. However, middle class people can afford Audi, BMW cars where Ferrari is out of their reach. On the other hand, performance and reliability vary for these different four brands. When the matter of promotional strategy is considered, then it must be said that in spite of being very expensive, four of the brands especially Ferrari are known to all people around the globe. Such popularity can be gained with the effective marketing management that the four car brands often do. Reference List AG, B. 2016. BMW automobiles : BMW AG website. [online] Bmw.com. Available at: https://www.bmw.com/com/en/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2016]. Audi.com, 2016. Audi. [online] Available at: https://www.audi.com/index.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2016]. Czinkota, M. and Kotabe, M. 2011. Marketing management. Cincinnati: South-Western College Pub. Davis, K. 2012. Marketing management. New York: Wiley. Dickson, P. 2014. Marketing management. Fort Worth: Dryden Press. Ferrari.com, 2016. Ferrari. [online] Available at: https://www.ferrari.com/choose-your-country [Accessed 1 Jan. 2016]. Goldman, J. 2013. Public relations in the marketing mix. Chicago, IL: Crain Books. Hollensen, S. 2014. Marketing management. New York, NY: Pearson Education. Karunakaran, K. 2011. Marketing management. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Lancioni, R. 2015. Pricing issues in industrial marketing. Industrial Marketing Management, 34(2), pp.111-114. LaPlaca, P. 2014. Industrial marketing management. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(3), pp.245-246. Levy, S. 2012. Marketing management and marketing research. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(1-2), pp.8-13. Lilien, G. 2015. Marketing mix analysis with Lotus 1-2-3. Palo Alto, CA: The Scientific Press. Mercedes-benz.com, 2016. Mercedes-Benz. [online] Available at: https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2016]. Richter, T. 2011. 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